واژهنامه
Token Standards
۱۴۰۵/۱/۲۷
Token standards are technical specifications that define how tokens behave on a blockchain. A standard describes the functions a token contract must expose (transfer, balanceOf, approve, etc.) so that wallets, exchanges, and other applications can interact with any compliant token in the same way.
Ethereum (ERC)
ERC (Ethereum Request for Comment) is the naming convention for Ethereum token standards:
- ERC-20 — fungible tokens. Each unit is identical and interchangeable. The basis of most stablecoins, DeFi tokens, and ICOs. Over a million ERC-20 tokens have been deployed.
- ERC-721 — non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Each token is unique and has its own ID. Used for digital art, collectibles, and identity.
- ERC-1155 — multi-token standard. A single contract can issue both fungible and non-fungible tokens. Popular in gaming where one contract handles currency, items, and unique NFTs.
- ERC-4626 — tokenized vaults. Standardizes yield-bearing tokens in DeFi.
Cross-chain equivalents
EVM-compatible chains largely follow Ethereum's standards with their own prefixes:
- BEP-20 — fungible tokens on BNB Smart Chain (equivalent to ERC-20)
- BEP-721 / BEP-1155 — NFTs on BNB Smart Chain
- TRC-20 — fungible tokens on Tron; widely used for USDT due to low fees
- TRC-721 — NFTs on Tron
Non-EVM standards
- SPL (Solana Program Library) — Solana's token standard covering both fungible and non-fungible tokens in a single framework
- SIP-010 — fungible token standard on Stacks (Bitcoin Layer 2)
- CIP-25 / CIP-68 — NFT standards on Cardano
- TEP-62 / TEP-74 — Jetton and NFT standards on TON
Why standards matter
Without a standard, every wallet would need custom code for every token. A shared standard means a new ERC-20 token works in MetaMask, Uniswap, and Etherscan on day one — no integration work required.
