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Seed Phrase (Mnemonic)
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Seed phrase (also called a recovery phrase or mnemonic) is a sequence of 12 or 24 words that represents the master key to a cryptocurrency wallet. Anyone with the seed phrase has full control over the wallet — it can restore all addresses and funds on any compatible software or hardware wallet.
BIP-39 standard
Most modern wallets follow BIP-39 (Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 39), proposed in 2013. BIP-39 defines:
- A wordlist of 2,048 English words, each distinct enough to avoid confusion
- Derivation of a seed phrase from random entropy:
- 12 words = 128 bits of entropy
- 24 words = 256 bits of entropy
- A checksum built into the last word so invalid phrases are rejected
How it's used
The seed phrase is converted into a cryptographic seed, from which all private keys in the wallet are deterministically derived (BIP-32 / HD wallets). This is why a single phrase can restore thousands of addresses across multiple cryptocurrencies.
Storing your seed phrase
- Write it down on paper or metal — never store digitally on a phone, cloud, or email
- Keep multiple copies in geographically separated locations
- Never share it — no legitimate support team will ever ask for your seed phrase
- Never type it into a website unless you're restoring a wallet on a trusted app
- Consider metal backups (engraved or stamped) to survive fire and water damage
If your seed phrase is exposed, move funds to a new wallet immediately.
